Unit 2: The Influence of Language and Culture on Identity

The widespread transfer of , animals, culture, populations, technology, and diseases between the and the Old World following Columbus's 1492 voyage.

A labor system established by in which Spanish colonists were granted the right to demand and forced labor from indigenous peoples.

A 1680 uprising of Indians against Spanish colonial rule in present-day , led by a religious leader named Pope.

The centuries-long campaign by kingdoms to reclaim the Iberian Peninsula from (Moorish) rule, completed in 1492.

A person of mixed and ancestry, a category within the Spanish colonial caste system.

A business structure in which investors pool to fund ventures and share and risks, used to finance early English colonies.

A 1494 agreement between and that divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between them along a meridian in the Atlantic Ocean.

Spanish and explorers who conquered large portions of the Americas in the 16th century, driven by God, glory, and .

A racial hierarchy in colonies that classified people based on their and determined their social status and legal rights.

An economic theory holding that a nation's power depends on its , measured in gold and silver, and that colonies exist to enrich the .

The development of agriculture by indigenous peoples, which allowed the growth of complex throughout the Americas.